--- description: Get an overview about Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare, aggressive skin cancer, along with answers to your questions about diagnosis, treatment and risks. title: Merkel Cell Carcinoma image: https://www.skincancer.org/wp-content/uploads/Merkel-copy2-1.jpg --- [Home](https://www.skincancer.org/) › [Skin Cancer Information](https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/) › Merkel Cell Carcinoma Translation:   [![]()](https://skincancer.org/international/le-cancer-de-la-cellule-de-merkel/)  [![]()](http://skincancer.org/international/merkelzell-karzinom-mcc/)  [![]()](http://skincancer.org/international/il-carcinoma-a-cellule-di-merkel/) [En Español](https://www.skincancer.org/international/el-carcinoma-de-celulas-de-merkel/) # Merkel Cell Carcinoma Overview ## A Rare, Aggressive Skin Cancer Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive form of skin cancer with a high risk for returning (recurring) and spreading (metastasizing), often within two to three years after initial diagnosis. **How rare is it?** Approximately 3,000 new cases of Merkel cell skin cancer are diagnosed annually in the U.S. About 40 percent of cases recur. Fortunately, options for managing recurrent disease have increased markedly with the introduction of immunotherapy treatments. **Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)** is 40 times more rare than melanoma, with an estimated one case per 130,000 people in the U.S. Risk factors for MCC include [sun exposure](http://skincancer.org/risk-factors/sunburn/), [light skin](http://skincancer.org/risk-factors/skin-type/), age over 50 and a weakened immune system. Singer-songwriter [Jimmy Buffett](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/celebrities-skin-cancer/) battled MCC for four years prior to passing away on September 1, 2023. Buffett continued to perform throughout treatment for the disease before his death at age 76. - [What is a Merkel cell?](#what) - [What does MCC look like?](#look) - [How dangerous is MCC?](#dangerous) - [A survivor’s story](#survivor) - [Q&A with Dr. Nghiem](https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma/dr-nghiem-qa/) - [Hot topics in the care of patients with MCC](https://provider.skincancer.org/ck/hot-topics-in-the-care-of-patients-with-merkel-cell-carcinoma/) [Risk Factors](http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma/risk-factors/ "Merkel Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors") [Warning Signs](http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma/mcc-warning-signs/ "Merkel Cell Carcinoma Warning Signs") [Stages](http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma/stages/ "Merkel Cell Carcinoma Stages") [Treatment](http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma/mcc-treatment/ "Merkel Cell Carcinoma Treatment") [Patient Support](https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma/mcc-patient-support/ "Merkel Cell Carcinoma Patient Support Center") ### What is a Merkel cell? Merkel cells are located deep in the top layer of skin. Merkel cells are connected to nerves, signaling touch sensation as “touch receptors.” MCC was named after Merkel cells due to the similar microscopic features; however, recent research suggests that it is unlikely that MCC originates directly from normal Merkel cells. ![merkel cells](<> "merkel-cells") Normal Merkel cells in the skin: In this illustration of a cross-section of the skin, normal Merkel cells are shown in red and connect to nerves shown in yellow. The structures drawn include the epidermis (upper third), dermis (middle), and deeper adipose layer containing the fatty tissue. Arteries are depicted in red and veins are blue. *Figure copyright by Paul Nghiem & Quade Medical Group.* ### What does MCC look like? MCC tumors often, but not always, appear on sun-exposed areas of the body. The tumors are not nearly as distinctive as other skin cancers and can appear as a pearly pimple-like lump, sometimes skin-colored, red, purple or bluish-red, though they are rarely tender to the touch. The rapid speed at which they grow is what often causes patients and doctors to take notice. ![]() ## A recurrence of Merkel cell carcinoma on the forehead. ![]() ## Merkel cell carcinoma on the lower leg. *Please note: Since not all Merkel cell carcinomas have the same appearance, these photos serve as a general reference for what MCC can look like. If you see something new, changing or unusual on your skin, schedule an appointment with your doctor. Photos courtesy of Paul Nghiem, MD, PhD* ### How dangerous is MCC? While MCC is about three to five times more likely to be deadly than melanoma, with early detection, MCC can be treated successfully. If you think you might have MCC, see your doctor. [Treatment](http://skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma/mcc-treatment/) becomes increasingly difficult once the disease has spread, but new options are now available. Thanks to advances in the field of immunotherapy, MCC survival rates are improving. ### A survivor's story When Luis found out he had Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare form of skin cancer, he was determined to beat it. He shares his harrowing journey from diagnosis to treatment. *** Reviewed by:*** *Sandra D’Angelo, MD* *Paul Nghiem, MD, PhD* ***Last updated:** September 2023* ##### [Sign up to receive our newsletter](https://www.skincancer.org/newsletter/) ### [Q&A with MCC expert Dr. Paul Nghiem](http://skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/merkel-cell-carcinoma/dr-nghiem-qa/) ## Sun & Skin News [Play On, Jimmy Buffett](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/play-on-jimmy-buffett/)![JImmy Buffett Illustration]() [Skin Cancer Information](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/category/skin-cancer-information/) [The Skin Cancer Foundation Journal](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/category/the-skin-cancer-foundation-journal/) ### [Play On, Jimmy Buffett](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/play-on-jimmy-buffett/) [Jimmy Buffett’s Death Puts Merkel Cell Carcinoma in the Spotlight](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/jimmy-buffetts-death-puts-merkel-cell-carcinoma-in-the-spotlight/)![The death of Jimmy Buffett sparked unprecedented interest in Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and aggressive skin cancer.]() [Skin Cancer Information](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/category/skin-cancer-information/) [This Is Skin Cancer](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/category/true-stories/) ### [Jimmy Buffett’s Death Puts Merkel Cell Carcinoma in the Spotlight](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/jimmy-buffetts-death-puts-merkel-cell-carcinoma-in-the-spotlight/) [“What’s That?” Two Simple Words That Saved a Life](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/whats-that-two-simple-words-that-saved-a-life/)![Mom, what's that?Mom, what's that? Check your skin]() [This Is Skin Cancer](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/category/true-stories/) [Why We Give](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/category/why-we-give/) ### [“What’s That?” Two Simple Words That Saved a Life](https://www.skincancer.org/blog/whats-that-two-simple-words-that-saved-a-life/) Want to spread the word about skin cancer awareness? Complete the form and you may end up on our website. 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